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<div id="dev-warning" class="admonition note">
  <p class="first admonition-title">Notice</p>
  <p class="last">This document is for a development version of Ceph.</p>
</div>
  <div id="docubetter" align="right" style="padding: 5px; font-weight: bold;">
    <a href="https://pad.ceph.com/p/Report_Documentation_Bugs">Report a Documentation Bug</a>
  </div>

  
  <section id="devices">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>设备管理<a class="headerlink" href="#devices" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>设备管理是 Ceph 用来定位硬件故障的功能。
Ceph 会跟踪哪些守护进程管理着哪些硬件存储设备（如 HDD、SSD），
并收集这些设备的健康指标，以便用专门的工具来预测和/或自动应对硬件故障。</p>
<section id="id2">
<h2>设备跟踪<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>要查看在用存储设备的列表，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><style type="text/css">
span.prompt1:before {
  content: "$ ";
}
</style><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>ls</span>
</pre></div></div><p>或者，要按守护进程或按主机列出设备，执行下列命令之一：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>ls-by-daemon<span class="w"> </span>&lt;daemon&gt;</span>
<span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>ls-by-host<span class="w"> </span>&lt;host&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要查看指定设备的位置信息以及设备的使用情况，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>info<span class="w"> </span>&lt;devid&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id3">
<h2>找到物理设备<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>为使更换故障磁盘更容易、更不容易出错，可以（有的机箱支持）
“闪烁（ blink ）”机箱上的 LED 硬盘指示灯：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">light</span> <span class="n">on</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">off</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">devid</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ident</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">fault</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="n">force</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>使用该命令闪烁指示灯可能没用。
是否有效取决于内核版本、 SES 固件或 HBA 设置等因素。</p>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;devid&gt;</span></code> 参数是设备标识。
要找出此信息，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>ls</span>
</pre></div></div><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[ident|fault]</span></code> 参数决定闪烁哪种灯。
默认闪烁 <cite>identification</cite> （辨识）灯。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>只有启用了 Cephadm 或 Rook <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/mgr/orchestrator/#orchestrator-cli-module">orchestrator</a> 模块，
才能用这个命令。要查看已启用了哪个 orchestrator 模块，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>orch<span class="w"> </span>status</span>
</pre></div></div></div>
<p>可以让硬盘 LED 灯闪烁的命令是 <cite>lsmcli</cite> 。
要自定义该命令，可通过 Jinja2 模板配置，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="n">config</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="nb">set</span> <span class="n">mgr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cephadm</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">blink_device_light_cmd</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;template&gt;&quot;</span>
<span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="n">config</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="nb">set</span> <span class="n">mgr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cephadm</span><span class="o">/&lt;</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="n">blink_device_light_cmd</span> <span class="s2">&quot;lsmcli local-disk-{{ ident_fault }}-led-{{&#39;on&#39; if on else &#39;off&#39;}} --path &#39;{{ path or dev }}&#39;&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>下列参数可用于自定义 Jinja2 模板：</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on</span></code></dt><dd><p>一个布尔值。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ident_fault</span></code></dt><dd><p>包含 <cite>ident</cite> 或 <cite>fault</cite> 的字符串。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev</span></code></dt><dd><p>设备 ID 字符串，例如 <cite>SanDisk_X400_M.2_2280_512GB_162924424784</cite> 。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code></dt><dd><p>设备路径字符串，例如 <cite>/dev/sda</cite> 。</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="enabling-monitoring">
<span id="id4"></span><h2>打开监控<a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-monitoring" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Ceph 还可以监控设备的健康指标。例如， SATA 硬盘执行一种名为 SMART 的标准，
可提供有关设备使用情况和健康状况的各种内部指标（例如：通电开机时长、
电源循环次数、无法恢复的读取错误次数）。其他设备类型，如 SAS 和 NVMe
也有一套类似的指标（标准略有不同）。
Ceph 可以通过 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smartctl</span></code> 工具收集所有这些指标。</p>
<p>您可以启用或禁用健康监控，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>monitoring<span class="w"> </span>on</span>
<span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>monitoring<span class="w"> </span>off</span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id5">
<h2>扫描<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>如果打开了监控，系统会定期自动扫描设备指标。可以配置这个间隔时间，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">set</span><span class="w"> </span>mgr<span class="w"> </span>mgr/devicehealth/scrape_frequency<span class="w"> </span>&lt;seconds&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>默认情况下，每 24 小时扫描一次设备指标。</p>
<p>要手动扫描所有设备，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>scrape-health-metrics</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要扫描单个设备，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>scrape-health-metrics<span class="w"> </span>&lt;device-id&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要扫描单个守护进程的设备，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>scrape-daemon-health-metrics<span class="w"> </span>&lt;who&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要检出存储的某个设备的健康指标（可选特定时间戳），执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>get-health-metrics<span class="w"> </span>&lt;devid&gt;<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>sample-timestamp<span class="o">]</span></span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id6">
<h2>故障预测<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Ceph 可通过分析收集到的健康指标来预测驱动器的预期寿命和设备故障。
预测模式如下：</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><em>none</em>: 禁用设备故障预测。</p></li>
<li><p><em>local</em>: 使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-mgr</span></code> 守护进程的预训练预测模型。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>要配置预测模式，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">set</span><span class="w"> </span>global<span class="w"> </span>device_failure_prediction_mode<span class="w"> </span>&lt;mode&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>正常情况下，故障预测会在后台定期运行。因此，
预期寿命值可能只有在经过相当长的时间后才能产生。
所有设备的预期寿命可用下列命令查看：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>ls</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要查看指定设备的元数据，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>info<span class="w"> </span>&lt;devid&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>要明确地强行预测一个指定设备的预期寿命，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>predict-life-expectancy<span class="w"> </span>&lt;devid&gt;</span>
</pre></div></div><p>除了 Ceph 内部的设备故障预测外，你还可以配备设备故障的外部信息源。
要告知 Ceph 一个指定设备的预期寿命，执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>set-life-expectancy<span class="w"> </span>&lt;devid&gt;<span class="w"> </span>&lt;from&gt;<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span>&lt;to&gt;<span class="o">]</span></span>
</pre></div></div><p>预期寿命是以时间段来表示的。
意思是预期寿命的不确定性是用时间范围的形式表示的，
而且可能是一个很大的时间范围。这个时间段的终点可以是空的。</p>
</section>
<section id="id7">
<h2>健康警报<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mgr/devicehealth/warn_threshold</span></code> 配置选项控制着一个预期设备故障的健康检查。
如果这个设备预计将在指定的时间段内发生故障，则发出警报。</p>
<p>要检查存储着的所有设备的预期寿命、并生成适用的健康警报，
执行下列命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">ceph<span class="w"> </span>device<span class="w"> </span>check-health</span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id8">
<h2>自动化的迁移<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mgr/devicehealth/self_heal</span></code> 选项（默认已启用）会自动从预计即将发生故障的设备上迁移数据。如果启用此选项，
本模块就会把此类设备标记为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> ，以便触发自动迁移。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mon_osd_min_up_ratio</span></code> 配置选项有助于防止这一过程演变为全面故障。
如果 “self heal （自愈）” 模块标记为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> 的 OSD 数量过多，
超过了 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mon_osd_min_up_ratio</span></code> 的比率值，
集群就会启动 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEVICE_HEALTH_TOOMANY</span></code> 健康检查。
有关在这种情况下该如何操作的说明，参阅
<a class="reference internal" href="../health-checks/#rados-health-checks-device-health-toomany"><span class="std std-ref">DEVICE_HEALTH_TOOMANY</span></a> 。</p>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mgr/devicehealth/mark_out_threshold</span></code> 配置选项指定了自动迁移的时间段。
如果设备预计将在指定的时间段内发生故障，就会自动被标记为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code> 。</p>
</section>
</section>



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  <p class="first admonition-title">Brought to you by the Ceph Foundation</p>
  <p class="last">The Ceph Documentation is a community resource funded and hosted by the non-profit <a href="https://ceph.io/en/foundation/">Ceph Foundation</a>. If you would like to support this and our other efforts, please consider <a href="https://ceph.io/en/foundation/join/">joining now</a>.</p>
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